Dry ice refers to carbon dioxide in its frozen solid state. It is also called cardice or card ice in British English. The first account of the substance was recorded in 1835 by a French inventor Adrien Jean Thilorier. The first commercial selling took place in the US in 1924 when Thomas Slate patented the product making it an industry on its own. Therefore when in need of supply of dry ice Columbus Ohio is the place to visit. Later on after Thomas other companies came in and started selling it for different purposes.
The process of manufacturing is easy and is currently done on large and small scale. Carbon dioxide is derived from other gases that contain it in large quantities. Common methods of producing carbon dioxide include production of ammonia from natural gas or nitrogen and fermentation on large scale. After enough gas is collected, it is subjected to high pressure and low temperature until it liquefies.
The pressure is then lowered after the gas is liquefied. Once pressure is lowered, some of the liquid carbon dioxide vaporizes causing a quick drop in temperature of liquid abandoned behind. As a result, the liquid changes state into a snowy solid. The solid may then be manipulated to change it into pellets or blocks. The production process takes varying time depending on amount involved.
Cylindrical pellets and blocks are two main standard forms in which dry ice is consumed. Standards blocks have a mass of 30 kilograms mostly. This size is widely utilized in shipping since it sublimates gradually. On the contrary pellets are made with a diameter of 1 centimeter for easy carrying. They get used in small applications such as groceries and in labs.
The properties of dry ice are similar to that of gaseous form of carbon dioxide. The density of these solid varies but in most cases it ranges between 1.4 to 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter. At a temperature of about -56.4 degrees Celsius and pressure of 5.13 atm it changes state from solid directly to air without turning into a liquid first. This process is called sublimation and it makes the substance a very effective coolant.
Applications of the material are many and different and spread into commercial, residential, industrial, and scientific spheres. Among fields of application are camping, fishing, beaching, deep sea fishing, backpacking, travelling, hunting, and in bad climatic conditions among others. Applications keep increasing due to technological advancements.
Commercially it is used to preserve food that must remain cool or frozen to stay in good condition. Such foods include ice creams, medical supplies, and biological supplies. It can also arrest or prevent insect activity in enclosed grain containers while in some applications it may serve as bait to mosquitoes and bedbugs.
Another large scale use of cardice is in blast cleaning. The pellets are effective at cleaning a number of surfaces due to the combined action of speed of propulsion and the sublimation. The pellets are propelled from a high pressure nozzle towards surfaces to clean. Some of the materials it can be used to clean include glue, mold, rubber, oil, and ink.
The process of manufacturing is easy and is currently done on large and small scale. Carbon dioxide is derived from other gases that contain it in large quantities. Common methods of producing carbon dioxide include production of ammonia from natural gas or nitrogen and fermentation on large scale. After enough gas is collected, it is subjected to high pressure and low temperature until it liquefies.
The pressure is then lowered after the gas is liquefied. Once pressure is lowered, some of the liquid carbon dioxide vaporizes causing a quick drop in temperature of liquid abandoned behind. As a result, the liquid changes state into a snowy solid. The solid may then be manipulated to change it into pellets or blocks. The production process takes varying time depending on amount involved.
Cylindrical pellets and blocks are two main standard forms in which dry ice is consumed. Standards blocks have a mass of 30 kilograms mostly. This size is widely utilized in shipping since it sublimates gradually. On the contrary pellets are made with a diameter of 1 centimeter for easy carrying. They get used in small applications such as groceries and in labs.
The properties of dry ice are similar to that of gaseous form of carbon dioxide. The density of these solid varies but in most cases it ranges between 1.4 to 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter. At a temperature of about -56.4 degrees Celsius and pressure of 5.13 atm it changes state from solid directly to air without turning into a liquid first. This process is called sublimation and it makes the substance a very effective coolant.
Applications of the material are many and different and spread into commercial, residential, industrial, and scientific spheres. Among fields of application are camping, fishing, beaching, deep sea fishing, backpacking, travelling, hunting, and in bad climatic conditions among others. Applications keep increasing due to technological advancements.
Commercially it is used to preserve food that must remain cool or frozen to stay in good condition. Such foods include ice creams, medical supplies, and biological supplies. It can also arrest or prevent insect activity in enclosed grain containers while in some applications it may serve as bait to mosquitoes and bedbugs.
Another large scale use of cardice is in blast cleaning. The pellets are effective at cleaning a number of surfaces due to the combined action of speed of propulsion and the sublimation. The pellets are propelled from a high pressure nozzle towards surfaces to clean. Some of the materials it can be used to clean include glue, mold, rubber, oil, and ink.
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