A boiler is a closed vessel that is used to heat fluids such as water. The fluid does not usually have to boil during the heating process. In such cases where the fluid does not actually boil, the term furnace is used more, especially in Sutton, WV. Heating the fluid produces high pressure steam used for various heating processes and applications. Among those applications for which the steam from commercial and industrial boilers is used include central heating, boiler-based power generation and water heating. It is also used for cooking and sanitation.
There are several types of boilers in use today. The type of boiler determines the type of material it is made from. Steel and other alloys of steel are usually used in making the pressure vessel of the equipment. Stainless steel, especially those of austenitic types are not used in making parts that come in contact with water or other fluids. This is because of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.
Ferritic stainless steel is often used in making parts that do not come in contact with water. In smaller models and certain applications, copper and brass are used because of how easier they are to fabricate. Historically, copper was used widely, but because of its higher cost, it has become less popular. Steel and other cheaper alternatives are instead taking over. Cast and wrought iron still find use in some applications including domestic water heaters.
Initially, various components of the equipment were joined through riveting. However, the 20th century saw steel become more preferable over wrought iron and welding started being used more over riveting. Welding is faster and cheaper because it requires less labor.
However, steal falls short in some aspects where wrought iron excels. To start with, the rate of corrosion in steel is much higher than in wrought iron. Secondly, vulnerability to stress corrosion and localized pitting is higher in devices made from steel than those made from this iron. Lastly, wrought iron devices are more durable than steel ones.
Various fuels are often used as sources of heat in a boiler. Some of the most commonly used sources of heat include oil, natural gas, coal, and wood. However, in more recent models due to technological advancements, electric steam models have been produced which rely on immersion-type and/or resistance heating elements. Nuclear fission is also gaining popularity in generation of steam for power generation purposes.
The use and manufacture of these devices needs to be done at high levels of safety. For that reason, there are organizations that set design specifications and regulate standards and codes followed in the industry. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is one such organization that provides rules and directives to ensure compliance in how pressure vessels are designed and produced.
Steam generated from a boiler is an effective way of moving energy from one place to another. However, it needs to be confined in suitably made pipes. Otherwise, it can lead to damage of property and loss of life. Historically, these appliances have resulted in a lot of damages and deaths.
There are several types of boilers in use today. The type of boiler determines the type of material it is made from. Steel and other alloys of steel are usually used in making the pressure vessel of the equipment. Stainless steel, especially those of austenitic types are not used in making parts that come in contact with water or other fluids. This is because of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.
Ferritic stainless steel is often used in making parts that do not come in contact with water. In smaller models and certain applications, copper and brass are used because of how easier they are to fabricate. Historically, copper was used widely, but because of its higher cost, it has become less popular. Steel and other cheaper alternatives are instead taking over. Cast and wrought iron still find use in some applications including domestic water heaters.
Initially, various components of the equipment were joined through riveting. However, the 20th century saw steel become more preferable over wrought iron and welding started being used more over riveting. Welding is faster and cheaper because it requires less labor.
However, steal falls short in some aspects where wrought iron excels. To start with, the rate of corrosion in steel is much higher than in wrought iron. Secondly, vulnerability to stress corrosion and localized pitting is higher in devices made from steel than those made from this iron. Lastly, wrought iron devices are more durable than steel ones.
Various fuels are often used as sources of heat in a boiler. Some of the most commonly used sources of heat include oil, natural gas, coal, and wood. However, in more recent models due to technological advancements, electric steam models have been produced which rely on immersion-type and/or resistance heating elements. Nuclear fission is also gaining popularity in generation of steam for power generation purposes.
The use and manufacture of these devices needs to be done at high levels of safety. For that reason, there are organizations that set design specifications and regulate standards and codes followed in the industry. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is one such organization that provides rules and directives to ensure compliance in how pressure vessels are designed and produced.
Steam generated from a boiler is an effective way of moving energy from one place to another. However, it needs to be confined in suitably made pipes. Otherwise, it can lead to damage of property and loss of life. Historically, these appliances have resulted in a lot of damages and deaths.
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